Add security headers via helmet and improve rate limiting

Add helmet middleware for security headers (CSP, X-Content-Type-Options,
X-Frame-Options, HSTS, Referrer-Policy) and disable X-Powered-By. Add a
global API rate limiter (100 req/min/IP) using express-rate-limit. Replace
the hand-rolled in-memory login rate limiter (~25 lines) with a dedicated
express-rate-limit instance (5 attempts/min/IP) on the login route.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

package-lock.json

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
         "cookie-parser": "^1.4.7",
         "cors": "^2.8.5",
         "dotenv": "^16.4.5",
-        "express": "^4.21.1"
+        "express": "^4.21.1",
+        "express-rate-limit": "^8.2.1",
+        "helmet": "^8.1.0"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "concurrently": "^9.1.0"
@@ -594,6 +596,24 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/express-rate-limit": {
+      "version": "8.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express-rate-limit/-/express-rate-limit-8.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PCZEIEIxqwhzw4KF0n7QF4QqruVTcF73O5kFKUnGOyjbCCgizBBiFaYpd/fnBLUMPw/BWw9OsiN7GgrNYr7j6g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ip-address": "10.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/express-rate-limit"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "express": ">= 4.11"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/file-uri-to-path": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/file-uri-to-path/-/file-uri-to-path-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -750,6 +770,15 @@
         "node": ">= 0.4"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/helmet": {
+      "version": "8.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/helmet/-/helmet-8.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jOiHyAZsmnr8LqoPGmCjYAaiuWwjAPLgY8ZX2XrmHawt99/u1y6RgrZMTeoPfpUbV96HOalYgz1qzkRbw54Pmg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/http-errors": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/http-errors/-/http-errors-2.0.1.tgz",
@@ -814,6 +843,15 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-JV/yugV2uzW5iMRSiZAyDtQd+nxtUnjeLt0acNdw98kKLrvuRVyB80tsREOE7yvGVgalhZ6RNXCmEHkUKBKxew==",
       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/ip-address": {
+      "version": "10.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ip-address/-/ip-address-10.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NWv9YLW4PoW2B7xtzaS3NCot75m6nK7Icdv0o3lfMceJVRfSoQwqD4wEH5rLwoKJwUiZ/rfpiVBhnaF0FK4HoA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/ipaddr.js": {
       "version": "1.9.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ipaddr.js/-/ipaddr.js-1.9.1.tgz",

package.json

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
     "cookie-parser": "^1.4.7",
     "cors": "^2.8.5",
     "dotenv": "^16.4.5",
-    "express": "^4.21.1"
+    "express": "^4.21.1",
+    "express-rate-limit": "^8.2.1",
+    "helmet": "^8.1.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "concurrently": "^9.1.0"

server/index.js

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ require('dotenv').config({ path: require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '.env') }
 const express = require('express');
 const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
 const path = require('path');
+const helmet = require('helmet');
+const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
 
 const authRouter = require('./routes/auth');
 const { authMiddleware } = require('./middleware/auth');
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3002;
 
 app.set('trust proxy', 1);
 
+app.use(helmet());
+
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
   const cors = require('cors');
   app.use(cors({ origin: 'http://localhost:5173', credentials: true }));
@@ -24,6 +28,14 @@ if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
 app.use(express.json());
 app.use(cookieParser());
 
+const apiLimiter = rateLimit({
+  windowMs: 60 * 1000,
+  max: 100,
+  standardHeaders: true,
+  legacyHeaders: false,
+});
+app.use('/api', apiLimiter);
+
 app.use('/api/auth', authRouter);
 app.use('/api', authMiddleware);
 app.use('/api/products', productsRouter);

server/routes/auth.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 const express = require('express');
 const crypto = require('crypto');
+const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
 const router = express.Router();
 const {
   COOKIE_NAME,
@@ -8,43 +9,20 @@ const {
   clearSessionCookie,
 } = require('../middleware/auth');
 
-// In-memory rate limiter for login attempts
+const loginLimiter = rateLimit({
-const loginAttempts = new Map();
+  windowMs: 60 * 1000,
-const RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS = 60 * 1000; // 1 minute
+  max: 5,
-const RATE_LIMIT_MAX = 5;
+  standardHeaders: true,
+  legacyHeaders: false,
+  message: { error: 'Too many login attempts. Try again later.' },
+});
 
-function isRateLimited(ip) {
+router.post('/login', loginLimiter, (req, res) => {
-  const now = Date.now();
-  const attempts = loginAttempts.get(ip);
-  if (!attempts) return false;
-  // Remove expired entries
-  const recent = attempts.filter(t => now - t < RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS);
-  if (recent.length === 0) {
-    loginAttempts.delete(ip);
-    return false;
-  }
-  loginAttempts.set(ip, recent);
-  return recent.length >= RATE_LIMIT_MAX;
-}
-
-function recordAttempt(ip) {
-  const now = Date.now();
-  const attempts = loginAttempts.get(ip) || [];
-  attempts.push(now);
-  loginAttempts.set(ip, attempts);
-}
-
-router.post('/login', (req, res) => {
   const password = process.env.APP_PASSWORD;
   if (!password) {
     return res.status(200).json({ ok: true });
   }
 
-  const ip = req.ip;
-  if (isRateLimited(ip)) {
-    return res.status(429).json({ error: 'Too many login attempts. Try again later.' });
-  }
-
   const submitted = req.body?.password || '';
   const submittedBuf = Buffer.from(String(submitted));
   const passwordBuf = Buffer.from(password);
@@ -55,7 +33,6 @@ router.post('/login', (req, res) => {
   }
 
   if (!match) {
-    recordAttempt(ip);
     return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid password' });
   }